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With a tremendous and unprecedented voter turnout of 64.66%, the first round of the Bihar assembly elections concluded amid a tangible mood of democratic fervor. This statistic marked an unprecedented high in Bihar’s electoral history, surpassing both the previous assembly election record established in 2000 (62.57%) and the highest Lok Sabha polling percentage ever recorded in the state (64.6% in 1998). But this high turnout instantly provoked heated discussion among political pundits, who are currently frantically trying to figure out what the high turnout actually means.

“Who does that benefit?” asked one astute analyst. What message is being sent here? Is it fundamentally a tick for the Nitish model of government, is it anti-incumbency, or is it the wings of change? The answer is far from certain, as both the opposition Mahagathbandhan (INDIA group) and the government National Democratic Alliance (NDA) swiftly assert that the turnout shows their strength.

Observers claim that historically, a high voter turnout is frequently—though not always—interpreted as an indication of anti-incumbency sentiment, driven by driven voters anxious for change. This story would support Tejashwi Yadav’s Mahagathbandhan, who focused his campaign on overturning the purported “Jungle Raj” and creating jobs. On the other hand, the NDA sees the high turnout as support for Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s welfare programs and the “Nitish model of governance.”They contend that women voters, who have continuously backed Chief Minister Nitish Kumar because of his commitment to social welfare, enhancing peace and order, and empowerment programs like the Lakhpati Didi initiative, are the main source of the high attendance. Women have frequently outvoted men in past elections; if this pattern continues in the 2025 cycle, the high number may represent a purposeful consolidation of the NDA’s core base of support, favoring stability over radical change.

In the end, the high percentage of 64.66% indicates significant polarization and highly motivated voting across all groups. Both the NDA’s consolidation of its core social and gender base and the RJD’s appeal to disaffected youth seem to have been successful in mobilizing their respective voter bases. The final outcome of this historic democratic exercise will not be known until the day of counting, but for the time being, the turnout indicates that the fight for Bihar is hotly contested and very personal for its voters.

Several prominent constituencies participated in the elections, which determined the fate of 1,314 candidates over more than 45,000 polling places. One of the most important was Raghopur, where Tejashwi Yadav (RJD), the Mahagathbandhan’s chief ministerial candidate, ran against Satish Kumar of the BJP for his third term in a row. Another crucial election took place in Tarapur, where senior BJP politician and deputy chief minister Samrat Choudhary was putting his electoral prowess to the test. Tej Pratap Yadav, the estranged brother of the RJD leader, also campaigned for the Mahua seat under his recently established Janshakti Janata Dal (JJD).

Polling was mostly calm, according to the Election Commission of India (ECI), which credited new efforts for the ease of the process. 100% webcasting was used at every polling place for the first time in Bihar, allowing the ECI to keep a careful eye on the events. But there were a few small mishaps during the day. There were reports of occasional altercations and accusations of wrongdoing, most notably an alleged assault on the convoy of deputy chief minister Vijay Kumar Sinha in the Lakhisarai district. The chief electoral officer rejected the RJD’s charges against the administration about police intimidation and attempts to impede voting in specific locations.

On November 11, the second round of voting will take place, and on November 14, the results for all 243 seats will be made public.

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